std::exchange
來自 cppreference.com
在標頭檔案 <utility> 中定義 |
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template< class T, class U = T > T exchange( T& obj, U&& new_value ); |
(C++14 起) (C++20 起為 constexpr) (自 C++23 起有條件地為 noexcept) |
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將 obj 的值替換為 new_value 並返回 obj 的舊值。
目錄 |
[編輯] 引數
obj | - | 要替換其值的物件 |
new_value | - | 要賦給 obj 的值 |
型別要求 | ||
-T 必須滿足 可移動構造 (MoveConstructible) 的要求。此外,必須能夠將型別 U 的物件移動賦值給型別 T 的物件。 |
[編輯] 返回值
obj 的舊值。
[編輯] 異常
(無) |
(直至 C++23) |
noexcept 規範:
noexcept( std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<T> && |
(C++23 起) |
[編輯] 可能實現
template<class T, class U = T> constexpr // Since C++20 T exchange(T& obj, U&& new_value) noexcept( // Since C++23 std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value && std::is_nothrow_assignable<T&, U>::value ) { T old_value = std::move(obj); obj = std::forward<U>(new_value); return old_value; } |
[編輯] 注意
std::exchange
可用於實現移動建構函式,以及對於不需要特殊清理的成員,實現移動賦值運算子。
struct S { int n; S(S&& other) noexcept : n{std::exchange(other.n, 0)} {} S& operator=(S&& other) noexcept { n = std::exchange(other.n, 0); // Move n, while leaving zero in other.n // Note: in case of self-move-assignment, n is unchanged // Also note: if n is an opaque resource handle that requires // special cleanup, the resource is leaked. return *this; } };
特性測試宏 | 值 | 標準 | 特性 |
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__cpp_lib_exchange_function |
201304L |
(C++14) | std::exchange
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[編輯] 示例
執行此程式碼
#include <iostream> #include <iterator> #include <utility> #include <vector> class stream { public: using flags_type = int; public: flags_type flags() const { return flags_; } // Replaces flags_ by newf, and returns the old value. flags_type flags(flags_type newf) { return std::exchange(flags_, newf); } private: flags_type flags_ = 0; }; void f() { std::cout << "f()"; } int main() { stream s; std::cout << s.flags() << '\n'; std::cout << s.flags(12) << '\n'; std::cout << s.flags() << "\n\n"; std::vector<int> v; // Since the second template parameter has a default value, it is possible // to use a braced-init-list as second argument. The expression below // is equivalent to std::exchange(v, std::vector<int>{1, 2, 3, 4}); std::exchange(v, {1, 2, 3, 4}); std::copy(begin(v), end(v), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, ", ")); std::cout << "\n\n"; void (*fun)(); // The default value of template parameter also makes possible to use a // normal function as second argument. The expression below is equivalent to // std::exchange(fun, static_cast<void(*)()>(f)) std::exchange(fun, f); fun(); std::cout << "\n\nFibonacci sequence: "; for (int a{0}, b{1}; a < 100; a = std::exchange(b, a + b)) std::cout << a << ", "; std::cout << "...\n"; }
輸出
0 0 12 1, 2, 3, 4, f() Fibonacci sequence: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, ...
[編輯] 參閱
交換兩個物件的值 (函式模板) | |
(C++11)(C++11) |
原子地將原子物件的值替換為非原子引數,並返回原子的舊值 (函式模板) |