標準庫標頭檔案 <stdlib.h>

 

C

編譯器支援

語言

標頭檔案

型別支援

程式工具

變參函式支援

錯誤處理

動態記憶體管理

字串庫

演算法

數值

日期和時間工具

輸入/輸出支援

本地化支援

併發支援 (C11)

技術規範

符號索引

 

標準庫標頭檔案

<assert.h> <complex.h> (C99) <ctype.h> <errno.h> <fenv.h> (C99) <float.h> <inttypes.h> (C99)     <iso646.h> (C95) <limits.h> <locale.h> <math.h>

<setjmp.h> <signal.h> <stdalign.h> (C11*) <stdarg.h> <stdatomic.h> (C11)     <stdbit.h> (C23) <stdbool.h> (C99*) <stdckdint.h> (C23) <stddef.h> <stdint.h> (C99) <stdio.h>

<stdlib.h> <stdmchar.h> (C29) <stdnoreturn.h> (C11*) <string.h> <tgmath.h> (C99) <threads.h> (C11) <time.h> <uchar.h> (C11) <wchar.h> (C95) <wctype.h> (C95)

 

此標頭檔案是程式支援工具庫的一部分，它主要提供程式終止、記憶體管理、字串轉換、隨機數生成等函式。此標頭檔案還提供一些演算法。

函式
abort	導致程式異常終止（不進行清理） (函式)
exit	導致程式正常終止並進行清理 (函式)
quick_exit (C11)	導致正常程式終止，但不完全清理 (函式)
_Exit (C99)	導致程式正常終止而不進行清理 (函式)
atexit	註冊一個函式，以便在呼叫 exit() 時被呼叫 (函式)
at_quick_exit (C11)	註冊一個函式，以便在呼叫 quick_exit 時被呼叫 (函式)
EXIT_SUCCESSEXIT_FAILURE	指示程式執行狀態 (宏常量)

概要

#define __STDC_VERSION_STDLIB_H__ 202311L
 
// TODO: types and macros
 
void call_once(once_flag* flag, void (*func)(void));
double atof(const char* nptr);
int atoi(const char* nptr);
long int atol(const char* nptr);
long long int atoll(const char* nptr);
int strfromd(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, double fp);
int strfromf(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, float fp);
int strfroml(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, long double fp);
double strtod(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
float strtof(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
long double strtold(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
long int strtol(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr, int base);
long long int strtoll(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr, int base);
unsigned long int strtoul(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr, int base);
unsigned long long int strtoull(const char* restrict nptr,
                                char** restrict endptr, int base);
int rand(void);
void srand(unsigned int seed);
void* aligned_alloc(size_t alignment, size_t size);
void* calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
void free(void* ptr);
void free_sized(void* ptr, size_t size);
void free_aligned_sized(void* ptr, size_t alignment, size_t size);
void* malloc(size_t size);
void* realloc(void* ptr, size_t size);
[[noreturn]] void abort(void);
int atexit(void (*func)(void));
int at_quick_exit(void (*func)(void));
[[noreturn]] void exit(int status);
[[noreturn]] void _Exit(int status);
char* getenv(const char* name);
[[noreturn]] void quick_exit(int status);
int system(const char* string);
QVoid* bsearch(const void* key, QVoid* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
               int (*compar)(const void* , const void* ));
void qsort(void* base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
           int (*compar)(const void* , const void* ));
int abs(int j);
long int labs(long int j);
long long int llabs(long long int j);
div_t div(int numer, int denom);
ldiv_t ldiv(long int numer, long int denom);
lldiv_t lldiv(long long int numer, long long int denom);
int mblen(const char* s, size_t n);
int mbtowc(wchar_t* restrict pwc, const char* restrict s, size_t n);
int wctomb(char* s, wchar_t wc);
size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t* restrict pwcs, const char* restrict s, size_t n);
size_t wcstombs(char* restrict s, const wchar_t* restrict pwcs, size_t n);
size_t memalignment(const void* p);

僅當實現定義 __STDC_IEC_60559_DFP__ 時

int strfromd32(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _Decimal32 fp);
int strfromd64(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _Decimal64 fp);
int strfromd128(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _Decimal128 fp);
_Decimal32 strtod32(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
_Decimal64 strtod64(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
_Decimal128 strtod128(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);

僅當實現定義 __STDC_IEC_60559_TYPES__ 且使用者程式碼在任何 <stdlib.h> 包含之前定義 __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT__ 時

#ifdef __STDC_WANT_IEC_60559_TYPES_EXT__
int strfromfN(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _FloatN fp);
int strfromfNx(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _FloatNx fp);
int strfromdN(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _DecimalN fp);
int strfromdNx(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format, _DecimalNx fp);
_FloatN strtofN(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
_FloatNx strtofNx(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
_DecimalN strtodN(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
_DecimalNx strtodNx(const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
int strfromencfN(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format,
                 const unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8]);
int strfromencdecdN(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format,
                    const unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8]);
int strfromencbindN(char* restrict s, size_t n, const char* restrict format,
                    const unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8]);
void strtoencfN(unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8],
                const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
void strtoencdecdN(unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8],
                   const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
void strtoencbindN(unsigned char encptr[restrict static N/8],
                   const char* restrict nptr, char** restrict endptr);
#endif

僅當實現定義 __STDC_LIB_EXT1__ 且使用者程式碼在任何 stdio.h 包含之前定義 __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__ 時

#if defined(__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__)
constraint_handler_t set_constraint_handler_s(constraint_handler_t handler);
void abort_handler_s(const char* restrict msg, void* restrict ptr, errno_t error);
void ignore_handler_s(const char* restrict msg, void* restrict ptr, errno_t error);
errno_t getenv_s(size_t* restrict len, char* restrict value, rsize_t maxsize,
                 const char* restrict name);
QVoid* bsearch_s(const void* key, QVoid* base, rsize_t nmemb, rsize_t size,
                 int (*compar)(const void* k, const void* y, void* context),
                               void* context);
errno_t qsort_s(void* base, rsize_t nmemb, rsize_t size,
                int (*compar)(const void* x, const void* y, void* context),
                              void* context);
errno_t wctomb_s(int* restrict status, char* restrict s, rsize_t smax,
                 wchar_t wc);
errno_t mbstowcs_s(size_t* restrict retval, wchar_t* restrict dst, rsize_t dstmax,
                   const char* restrict src, rsize_t len);
errno_t wcstombs_s(size_t* restrict retval, char* restrict dst, rsize_t dstmax,
                   const wchar_t* restrict src, rsize_t len);
#endif