std::map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>::begin, std::map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>::cbegin

 

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成員函式表格

非成員函式表格

 

std::map

成員函式

map::map map::~map               map::operator= map::get_allocator

元素訪問 map::at map::operator[] 迭代器 map::beginmap::cbegin (C++11) map::endmap::cend (C++11) map::rbeginmap::crbegin (C++11)      map::rendmap::crend (C++11) 容量 map::size map::max_size map::empty 觀察器 map::key_comp map::value_comp 修改器 map::clear map::insert map::erase map::swap map::extract (C++17) map::merge (C++17) map::insert_range (C++23) map::insert_or_assign (C++17) map::emplace (C++11) map::emplace_hint (C++11) map::try_emplace (C++17) 查詢 map::count map::find map::contains (C++20) map::equal_range map::lower_bound map::upper_bound

非成員函式

operator==operator<=> (C++20 起) std::swap(std::map) erase_if(std::map) (C++20)   operator!=operator<operator>operator<=operator>= (until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)

推導指引 (C++17)

 

iterator begin();	(1)	(C++11 起無異常丟擲)
const_iterator begin() const;	(2)	(C++11 起無異常丟擲)
const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept;	(3)	(C++11 起)

返回指向 `map` 中第一個元素的迭代器。

如果 `map` 為空，則返回的迭代器將等於 end()。

返回值

指向第一個元素的迭代器。

複雜度

常數時間。

注意

libc++ 將 cbegin() 後向移植到 C++98 模式。

示例

執行此程式碼

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
 
int main()
{
    std::map<int, float> num_map;
    num_map[4] = 4.13;
    num_map[9] = 9.24;
    num_map[1] = 1.09;
    // Calls num_map.begin() and num_map.end()
    for (auto it = num_map.begin(); it != num_map.end(); ++it)
        std::cout << it->first << ", " << it->second << '\n';
}

輸出

1, 1.09
4, 4.13
9, 9.24

使用自定義比較函式的示例

執行此程式碼

#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
 
struct Point { double x, y; };
 
// Compare the x-coordinates of two Point pointers.
struct PointCmp
{
    bool operator()(const Point* lhs, const Point* rhs) const
    {
        return lhs->x < rhs->x; 
    }
};
 
int main()
{
    // Note that although the x-coordinates are out of order, the
    // map will be iterated through by increasing x-coordinates.
    Point points[3] = {{2, 0}, {1, 0}, {3, 0}};
 
    // mag is a map sending the address of node to its magnitude in the x-y plane.
    // Although the keys are pointers-to-Point, we want to order the map by the
    // x-coordinates of the points and NOT by the addresses of the Points. This
    // is done by using the PointCmp class's comparison method.
    std::map<Point*, double, PointCmp> mag(
        {{points, 2}, {points + 1, 1}, {points + 2, 3}}
    );
 
    // Change each y-coordinate from 0 to the magnitude.
    for (auto iter = mag.begin(); iter != mag.end(); ++iter)
    {
        auto cur = iter->first; // Pointer to Node
        cur->y = mag[cur]; // Could also have used cur->y = iter->second;
    }
 
    // Update and print the magnitude of each node.
    for (auto iter = mag.begin(); iter != mag.end(); ++iter)
    {
        auto cur = iter->first;
        mag[cur] = std::hypot(cur->x, cur->y);
        std::cout << "The magnitude of (" << cur->x << ", " << cur->y << ") is ";
        std::cout << iter->second << '\n';
    }
 
    // Repeat the above with the range-based for loop.
    for (auto i : mag)
    {
        auto cur = i.first;
        cur->y = i.second;
        mag[cur] = std::hypot(cur->x, cur->y);
        std::cout << "The magnitude of (" << cur->x << ", " << cur->y << ") is ";
        std::cout << mag[cur] << '\n';
        // Note that in contrast to std::cout << iter->second << '\n'; above, 
        // std::cout << i.second << '\n'; will NOT print the updated magnitude.
        // If auto &i : mag was used instead, it will print the updated magnitude.
    }
}

輸出

The magnitude of (1, 1) is 1.41421
The magnitude of (2, 2) is 2.82843
The magnitude of (3, 3) is 4.24264
The magnitude of (1, 1.41421) is 1.73205
The magnitude of (2, 2.82843) is 3.4641
The magnitude of (3, 4.24264) is 5.19615

參閱

endcend (C++11)	返回指向末尾的迭代器 (公共成員函式)
begincbegin (C++11)(C++14)	返回指向容器或陣列開頭的迭代器 (函式模板)