std::map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>::map
(1) | ||
map(); |
(C++11 前) | |
map() : map(Compare()) {} |
(C++11 起) | |
explicit map( const Compare& comp, const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() ); |
(2) | |
explicit map( const Allocator& alloc ); |
(3) | (C++11 起) |
template< class InputIt > map( InputIt first, InputIt last, |
(4) | |
template< class InputIt > map( InputIt first, InputIt last, |
(5) | (C++14 起) |
map( const map& other ); |
(6) | |
map( const map& other, const Allocator& alloc ); |
(7) | (C++11 起) |
map( map&& other ); |
(8) | (C++11 起) |
map( map&& other, const Allocator& alloc ); |
(9) | (C++11 起) |
map( std::initializer_list<value_type> init, const Compare& comp = Compare(), |
(10) | (C++11 起) |
map( std::initializer_list<value_type> init, const Allocator& alloc ) |
(11) | (C++14 起) |
template< container-compatible-range<value_type> R > map( std::from_range_t, R&& rg, |
(12) | (C++23 起) |
template< container-compatible-range<value_type> R > map( std::from_range_t, R&& rg, |
(13) | (C++23 起) |
從各種資料來源構造新容器,並可選擇使用使用者提供的分配器 alloc 或比較函式物件 comp。
[
first,
last)
不是 有效範圍,則行為未定義。
如果未提供 alloc,則透過呼叫 std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>:: |
(C++11 起) |
在類模板引數推導期間,只有第一個引數有助於推導容器的 |
(C++23 起) |
在類模板引數推導期間,只有第一個引數有助於推導容器的 |
(C++23 起) |
目錄 |
[編輯] 引數
alloc | - | 用於此容器所有記憶體分配的分配器 |
comp | - | 用於所有鍵比較的比較函式物件 |
first, last | - | 定義要複製的元素的源 範圍 的迭代器對 |
其他 | - | 另一個容器,用作初始化容器元素的源 |
init | - | 用於初始化容器元素的初始化列表 |
rg | - | 一個容器兼容範圍,即一個input_range ,其元素可轉換為value_type |
型別要求 | ||
-InputIt 必須滿足 LegacyInputIterator 的要求。 | ||
-Compare 必須滿足 Compare 的要求。 | ||
-Allocator 必須滿足 Allocator 的要求。 |
[編輯] 複雜度
[編輯] 異常
呼叫 Allocator::allocate
可能會丟擲異常。
[編輯] 注意
在容器移動構造(過載 (8,9))之後,指向 other
的引用、指標和迭代器(除了 end 迭代器)仍然有效,但它們引用的是現在在 *this 中的元素。當前標準透過 [container.reqmts]/67 中的籠統宣告來保證這一點,並且正在透過 LWG issue 2321 考慮更直接的保證。
儘管直到 C++23 才正式要求,但一些實現在早期模式中已經將模板引數 Allocator
放入非推導上下文中。
特性測試宏 | 值 | 標準 | 特性 |
---|---|---|---|
__cpp_lib_containers_ranges |
202202L |
(C++23) | 範圍感知 構造和插入;過載 (12,13) |
[編輯] 示例
#include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <map> #include <string> template<typename Key, typename Value, typename Cmp> std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, std::map<Key, Value, Cmp> const& map) { os << "{ "; for (auto comma{map.size()}; auto const& p : map) os << '\'' << p.first << "' is " << p.second << (--comma ? ", " : " "); return os << "}\n"; } struct Point { double x, y; friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, Point pt) { return os << '(' << pt.x << ", " << pt.y << ')'; } }; struct PointCmp { bool operator()(const Point& lhs, const Point& rhs) const { return lhs.x < rhs.x; // NB: y is intentionally ignored } }; int main() { // (1) Default constructor std::map<std::string, int> map1; map1["something"] = 69; map1["anything"] = 199; map1["that thing"] = 50; std::cout << "map1 = " << map1; // (4) Range constructor std::map<std::string, int> iter(map1.find("anything"), map1.end()); std::cout << "\niter = " << iter; std::cout << "map1 = " << map1; // (6) Copy constructor std::map<std::string, int> copied(map1); std::cout << "\ncopied = " << copied; std::cout << "map1 = " << map1; // (8) Move constructor std::map<std::string, int> moved{std::move(map1)}; std::cout << "\nmoved = " << moved; std::cout << "map1 = " << map1; // (10) Initializer list constructor const std::map<std::string, int> init { {"this", 100}, {"can", 100}, {"be", 100}, {"const", 100} }; std::cout << "\ninit = " << init; std::cout << "\nCustom Key class option 1:\n"; // Use a comparison struct std::map<Point, double, PointCmp> mag = { {{5, -12}, 13}, {{3, 4}, 5}, {{-8, -15}, 17} }; std::cout << "mag = " << mag << '\n'; std::cout << "Custom Key class option 2:\n"; // Use a comparison lambda // This lambda sorts points according to their magnitudes, where // these magnitudes are taken from the local variable mag. auto cmpLambda = [&mag](const Point& lhs, const Point& rhs) { return mag[lhs] < mag[rhs]; }; // You could also use a lambda that is not dependent on local variables, like this: // auto cmpLambda = [](const Point& lhs, const Point& rhs){ return lhs.y < rhs.y; }; std::map<Point, double, decltype(cmpLambda)> magy(cmpLambda); // Various ways of inserting elements: magy.insert(std::pair<Point, double>({5, -12}, 13)); magy.insert({{3, 4}, 5}); magy.insert({Point{-8.0, -15.0}, 17}); std::cout << "magy = " << magy << '\n'; std::cout << "Construction from a range:\n"; using PS = std::pair<const std::string, int>; const auto rg = {PS{"one", 1}, {"one", 101}, {"two", 2}, {"three", 3}}; #if __cpp_lib_containers_ranges std::map<std::string, int> nums(std::from_range, rg); // overload (12) #else std::map<std::string, int> nums(rg.begin(), rg.end()); // fallback to (4) #endif std::cout << "nums = " << nums << '\n'; }
輸出
map1 = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 } iter = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 } map1 = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 } copied = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 } map1 = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 } moved = { 'anything' is 199, 'something' is 69, 'that thing' is 50 } map1 = { } init = { 'be' is 100, 'can' is 100, 'const' is 100, 'this' is 100 } Custom Key class option 1: mag = { '(-8, -15)' is 17, '(3, 4)' is 5, '(5, -12)' is 13 } Custom Key class option 2: magy = { '(3, 4)' is 5, '(5, -12)' is 13, '(-8, -15)' is 17 } Construction from a range: nums = { 'one' is 1, 'three' is 3, 'two' is 2 }
[編輯] 缺陷報告
下列更改行為的缺陷報告追溯地應用於以前出版的 C++ 標準。
缺陷報告 | 應用於 | 釋出時的行為 | 正確的行為 |
---|---|---|---|
LWG 2076 | C++11 | 過載 (4) 有條件地要求 Key 和 T 可以 CopyInsertable 到 *this 中 |
未要求 |
LWG 2193 | C++11 | 預設建構函式是 explicit 的 | 已改為非 explicit |
[編輯] 另請參閱
將值賦給容器 (public member function) |