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標準庫標頭檔案 <atomic> (C++11)

來自 cppreference.com
 
C++
 
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<cwchar>
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文字處理
<clocale>
<codecvt> (C++11/17/26*)
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<chrono> (C++11)
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C 相容性
<ccomplex> (C++11/17/20*)
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此標頭檔案是併發支援庫的一部分。

目錄

類

(C++11)
 atomic 類模板和針對 bool、整型、浮點型(C++20 起) 和指標型別的特化
(類模板) [編輯]
(C++20)
 在非原子物件上提供原子操作
(類模板) [編輯]
(C++11)
 無鎖布林原子型別
(類) [編輯]
(C++11)
 定義給定原子操作的記憶體排序約束
(列舉) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<bool>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<char>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<signed char>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<unsigned char>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<short>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<unsigned short>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<int>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<unsigned int>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<long>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<unsigned long>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<long long>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<unsigned long long>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++20)
 std::atomic<char8_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<char16_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<char32_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<wchar_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)(可選)
 std::atomic<std::int8_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)(可選)
 std::atomic<std::uint8_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)(可選)
 std::atomic<std::int16_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)(可選)
 std::atomic<std::uint16_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)(可選)
 std::atomic<std::int32_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)(可選)
 std::atomic<std::uint32_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)(可選)
 std::atomic<std::int64_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)(可選)
 std::atomic<std::uint64_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_least8_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_least8_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_least16_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_least16_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_least32_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_least32_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_least64_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_least64_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_fast8_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_fast8_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_fast16_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_fast16_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_fast32_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_fast32_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::int_fast64_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uint_fast64_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)(可選)
 std::atomic<std::intptr_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)(可選)
 std::atomic<std::uintptr_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::size_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::ptrdiff_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::intmax_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++11)
 std::atomic<std::uintmax_t>
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++20)
 一個無鎖且等待/通知最有效率的有符號整數原子型別
(型別定義) [編輯]
(C++20)
 一個無鎖且等待/通知最有效率的無符號整數原子型別
(型別定義) [編輯]

函式

(C++11)
 檢查原子型別的操作是否是無鎖的
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++11)
 原子地將原子物件的值替換為非原子引數
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++11)
 原子地獲取原子物件中儲存的值
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++11)
 原子地將原子物件的值替換為非原子引數，並返回原子的舊值
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
 原子地將原子物件的值與非原子引數進行比較，如果相等則執行原子交換，否則執行原子載入
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++11)
 將非原子值新增到原子物件並獲取原子的先前值
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++11)
 從原子物件中減去非原子值並獲取原子的先前值
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++11)
 將原子物件替換為與非原子引數進行位 AND 運算的結果，並獲取原子的先前值
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++11)
 將原子物件替換為與非原子引數進行位 OR 運算的結果，並獲取原子的先前值
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++11)
 將原子物件替換為與非原子引數進行位 XOR 運算的結果，並獲取原子的先前值
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++26)(C++26)
 將原子物件替換為與非原子引數進行 std::max 運算的結果，並獲取原子的先前值
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++26)(C++26)
 將原子物件替換為與非原子引數進行 std::min 運算的結果，並獲取原子的先前值
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++20)(C++20)
 阻塞執行緒直到被通知且原子值改變
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++20)
 通知一個在 atomic_wait 中阻塞的執行緒
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++20)
 通知所有在 atomic_wait 中阻塞的執行緒
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++20)(C++20)
 原子地返回標誌的值
(函式) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++11)
 原子地將標誌設定為 true 並返回其先前的值
(函式) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++11)
 原子地將標誌的值設定為 false
(函式) [編輯]
(C++20)(C++20)
 阻塞執行緒直到被通知且標誌改變
(函式) [編輯]
(C++20)
 通知一個在 atomic_flag_wait 中阻塞的執行緒
(函式) [編輯]
(C++20)
 通知所有在 atomic_flag_wait 中阻塞的執行緒
(函式) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++20 中已棄用)
 預設構造的原子物件的非原子初始化
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++11)(C++26 中已棄用)
 從 std::memory_order_consume 依賴樹中移除指定的物件
(函式模板) [編輯]
(C++11)
 通用記憶體排序依賴的屏障同步原語
(函式) [編輯]
(C++11)
 執行緒與在同一執行緒中執行的訊號處理程式之間的屏障
(函式) [編輯]

宏

(C++11)(C++20 中已棄用)
 靜態儲存持續時間的原子變數的常量初始化
(函式宏) [編輯]
(C++11)
 將 std::atomic_flag 初始化為 false
(宏常量) [編輯]

[編輯] 摘要

namespace std {
  /* until C++20:
  enum memory_order {
    memory_order_relaxed,
    memory_order_consume,
    memory_order_acquire,
    memory_order_release,
    memory_order_acq_rel,
    memory_order_seq_cst
  };
  */
 
  enum class memory_order : /* unspecified */;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_relaxed = memory_order::relaxed;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_consume = memory_order::consume;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_acquire = memory_order::acquire;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_release = memory_order::release;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_acq_rel = memory_order::acq_rel;
  inline constexpr memory_order memory_order_seq_cst = memory_order::seq_cst;
 
  template<class T>
    T kill_dependency(T y) noexcept;
 
  // lock-free property
  #define ATOMIC_BOOL_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR8_T_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR16_T_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_CHAR32_T_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_WCHAR_T_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_SHORT_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_INT_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_LONG_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_LLONG_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
  #define ATOMIC_POINTER_LOCK_FREE /* unspecified */
 
  // class template atomic_ref
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref;
  // partial specialization for pointers
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref<T*>;
 
  // class template atomic
  template<class T> struct atomic;
  // partial specialization for pointers
  template<class T> struct atomic<T*>;
 
  // non-member functions
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_is_lock_free(const volatile atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_is_lock_free(const atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_store_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load(const volatile atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load(const atomic<T>*) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load_explicit(const volatile atomic<T>*, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_load_explicit(const atomic<T>*, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_exchange_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak(atomic<T>*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                      typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong(atomic<T>*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                        typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(atomic<T>*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                               typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    bool atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(atomic<T>*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type*,
                                                 typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
 
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_add_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::difference_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_and_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_or_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                               memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_xor_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_max_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min_explicit(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    T atomic_fetch_min_explicit(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type,
                                memory_order) noexcept;
 
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait(const volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait(const atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait_explicit(const volatile atomic<T>*,
                              typename atomic<T>::value_type, memory_order);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_wait_explicit(const atomic<T>*,
                              typename atomic<T>::value_type, memory_order);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_one(volatile atomic<T>*);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_one(atomic<T>*);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_all(volatile atomic<T>*);
  template<class T>
    void atomic_notify_all(atomic<T>*);
 
  // type aliases
  using atomic_bool           = atomic<bool>;
  using atomic_char           = atomic<char>;
  using atomic_schar          = atomic<signed char>;
  using atomic_uchar          = atomic<unsigned char>;
  using atomic_short          = atomic<short>;
  using atomic_ushort         = atomic<unsigned short>;
  using atomic_int            = atomic<int>;
  using atomic_uint           = atomic<unsigned int>;
  using atomic_long           = atomic<long>;
  using atomic_ulong          = atomic<unsigned long>;
  using atomic_llong          = atomic<long long>;
  using atomic_ullong         = atomic<unsigned long long>;
  using atomic_char8_t        = atomic<char8_t>;
  using atomic_char16_t       = atomic<char16_t>;
  using atomic_char32_t       = atomic<char32_t>;
  using atomic_wchar_t        = atomic<wchar_t>;
 
  using atomic_int8_t         = atomic<int8_t>;
  using atomic_uint8_t        = atomic<uint8_t>;
  using atomic_int16_t        = atomic<int16_t>;
  using atomic_uint16_t       = atomic<uint16_t>;
  using atomic_int32_t        = atomic<int32_t>;
  using atomic_uint32_t       = atomic<uint32_t>;
  using atomic_int64_t        = atomic<int64_t>;
  using atomic_uint64_t       = atomic<uint64_t>;
 
  using atomic_int_least8_t   = atomic<int_least8_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least8_t  = atomic<uint_least8_t>;
  using atomic_int_least16_t  = atomic<int_least16_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least16_t = atomic<uint_least16_t>;
  using atomic_int_least32_t  = atomic<int_least32_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least32_t = atomic<uint_least32_t>;
  using atomic_int_least64_t  = atomic<int_least64_t>;
  using atomic_uint_least64_t = atomic<uint_least64_t>;
 
  using atomic_int_fast8_t    = atomic<int_fast8_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast8_t   = atomic<uint_fast8_t>;
  using atomic_int_fast16_t   = atomic<int_fast16_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast16_t  = atomic<uint_fast16_t>;
  using atomic_int_fast32_t   = atomic<int_fast32_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast32_t  = atomic<uint_fast32_t>;
  using atomic_int_fast64_t   = atomic<int_fast64_t>;
  using atomic_uint_fast64_t  = atomic<uint_fast64_t>;
 
  using atomic_intptr_t       = atomic<intptr_t>;
  using atomic_uintptr_t      = atomic<uintptr_t>;
  using atomic_size_t         = atomic<size_t>;
  using atomic_ptrdiff_t      = atomic<ptrdiff_t>;
  using atomic_intmax_t       = atomic<intmax_t>;
  using atomic_uintmax_t      = atomic<uintmax_t>;
 
  using atomic_signed_lock_free   = /* see description */;
  using atomic_unsigned_lock_free = /* see description */;
 
  // flag type and operations
  struct atomic_flag;
 
  bool atomic_flag_test(const volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test(const atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_explicit(const volatile atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_explicit(const atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(volatile atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  bool atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear_explicit(volatile atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_clear_explicit(atomic_flag*, memory_order) noexcept;
 
  void atomic_flag_wait(const volatile atomic_flag*, bool) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_wait(const atomic_flag*, bool) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_wait_explicit(const volatile atomic_flag*,
                                 bool, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_wait_explicit(const atomic_flag*,
                                 bool, memory_order) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_one(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_one(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_all(volatile atomic_flag*) noexcept;
  void atomic_flag_notify_all(atomic_flag*) noexcept;
 
  // fences
  extern "C" void atomic_thread_fence(memory_order) noexcept;
  extern "C" void atomic_signal_fence(memory_order) noexcept;
}
 
// deprecated
namespace std {
  template<class T>
    void atomic_init(volatile atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
  template<class T>
    void atomic_init(atomic<T>*, typename atomic<T>::value_type) noexcept;
 
  #define ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(value) /* see description */
 
  #define ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT /* see description */
}

[編輯] 類模板 std::atomic

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic {
    using value_type = T;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    // operations on atomic types
    constexpr atomic() noexcept(is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<T>);
    constexpr atomic(T) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
 
    T load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    T load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T() const volatile noexcept;
    operator T() const noexcept;
    void store(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T operator=(T) volatile noexcept;
    T operator=(T) noexcept;
 
    T exchange(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T exchange(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    void wait(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

[編輯] std::atomic 對整數型別的特化

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic</* integral */> {
    using value_type = /* integral */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    constexpr atomic() noexcept;
    constexpr atomic(/* integral */) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
 
    void store(/* integral */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(/* integral */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator /* integral */() const volatile noexcept;
    operator /* integral */() const noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ exchange(/* integral */,
                        memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ exchange(/* integral */,
                        memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ fetch_add(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_add(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_sub(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_sub(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_and(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_and(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_or(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_or(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_xor(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_xor(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_max(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_max(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_min(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_min(/* integral */,
                         memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ operator++(int) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++(int) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--(int) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--(int) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++() volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++() noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--() volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--() noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator+=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator+=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator-=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator-=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator&=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator&=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator|=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator|=(/* integral */) noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator^=(/* integral */) volatile noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator^=(/* integral */) noexcept;
 
    void wait(/* integral */,
              memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(/* integral */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

[編輯] std::atomic 對浮點型別的特化

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic</* floating-point */> {
    using value_type = /* floating-point */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    constexpr atomic() noexcept;
    constexpr atomic(/* floating-point */) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
 
    void store(/* floating-point */,
               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(/* floating-point */,
               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator=(/* floating-point */) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator=(/* floating-point */) noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    operator /* floating-point */() volatile noexcept;
    operator /* floating-point */() noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ exchange(/* floating-point */,
                            memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ exchange(/* floating-point */,
                            memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ fetch_add(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ fetch_add(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ fetch_sub(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ fetch_sub(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ operator+=(/* floating-point */) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator+=(/* floating-point */) noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator-=(/* floating-point */) volatile noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator-=(/* floating-point */) noexcept;
 
    void wait(/* floating-point */,
              memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(/* floating-point */,
              memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

[編輯] std::atomic 對指標型別的特化

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic<T*> {
    using value_type = T*;
    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const volatile noexcept;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    constexpr atomic() noexcept;
    constexpr atomic(T*) noexcept;
    atomic(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) = delete;
    atomic& operator=(const atomic&) volatile = delete;
 
    void store(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void store(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* operator=(T*) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator=(T*) noexcept;
    T* load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    T* load(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T*() const volatile noexcept;
    operator T*() const noexcept;
 
    T* exchange(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* exchange(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*, memory_order, memory_order) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    T* fetch_add(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_add(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* fetch_sub(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_sub(ptrdiff_t, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* fetch_max(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_max(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    T* fetch_min(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    T* fetch_min(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    T* operator++(int) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator++(int) noexcept;
    T* operator--(int) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator--(int) noexcept;
    T* operator++() volatile noexcept;
    T* operator++() noexcept;
    T* operator--() volatile noexcept;
    T* operator--() noexcept;
    T* operator+=(ptrdiff_t) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator+=(ptrdiff_t) noexcept;
    T* operator-=(ptrdiff_t) volatile noexcept;
    T* operator-=(ptrdiff_t) noexcept;
 
    void wait(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}

[編輯] 類模板 std::atomic_ref

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref {
  private:
    T* ptr;             // exposition only
  public:
    using value_type = T;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* implementation-defined */;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    explicit atomic_ref(T&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
 
    void store(T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T operator=(T) const noexcept;
    T load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T() const noexcept;
 
    T exchange(T, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T&, T,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T&, T,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    void wait(T, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() const noexcept;
    void notify_all() const noexcept;
  };
}

[編輯] std::atomic_ref 對整數型別的特化

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic_ref</* integral */> {
  private:
    /* integral */* ptr;        // exposition only
  public:
    using value_type = /* integral */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* implementation-defined */;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    explicit atomic_ref(/* integral */&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
 
    void store(/* integral */, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator=(/* integral */) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator /* integral */() const noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ exchange(/* integral */,
                      memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* integral */&, /* integral */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ fetch_add(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_sub(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_and(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_or(/* integral */,
                      memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_xor(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_max(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ fetch_min(/* integral */,
                       memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    /* integral */ operator++(int) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--(int) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator++() const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator--() const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator+=(/* integral */) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator-=(/* integral */) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator&=(/* integral */) const noexcept;
    /* integral */ operator

[編輯] std::atomic_ref 對浮點型別的特化

namespace std {
  template<> struct atomic_ref</* floating-point */> {
  private:
    /* floating-point */* ptr;  // exposition only
  public:
    using value_type = /* floating-point */;
    using difference_type = value_type;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* implementation-defined */;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    explicit atomic_ref(/* floating-point */&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
 
    void store(/* floating-point */, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator=(/* floating-point */) const noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator /* floating-point */() const noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ exchange(/* floating-point */,
                            memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(/* floating-point */&, /* floating-point */,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ fetch_add(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ fetch_sub(/* floating-point */,
                             memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    /* floating-point */ operator+=(/* floating-point */) const noexcept;
    /* floating-point */ operator-=(/* floating-point */) const noexcept;
 
    void wait(/* floating-point */, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() const noexcept;
    void notify_all() const noexcept;
  };
}

[編輯] std::atomic_ref 對指標型別的特化

namespace std {
  template<class T> struct atomic_ref<T*> {
  private:
    T** ptr;        // exposition only
  public:
    using value_type = T*;
    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
    static constexpr size_t required_alignment = /* implementation-defined */;
 
    static constexpr bool is_always_lock_free = /* implementation-defined */;
    bool is_lock_free() const noexcept;
 
    explicit atomic_ref(T*&);
    atomic_ref(const atomic_ref&) noexcept;
    atomic_ref& operator=(const atomic_ref&) = delete;
 
    void store(T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* operator=(T*) const noexcept;
    T* load(memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    operator T*() const noexcept;
 
    T* exchange(T*, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order, memory_order) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_weak(T*&, T*,
                               memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool compare_exchange_strong(T*&, T*,
                                 memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    T* fetch_add(difference_type, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* fetch_sub(difference_type, memory_order = memory_order_seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* fetch_max(T *, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    T* fetch_min(T *, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
 
    T* operator++(int) const noexcept;
    T* operator--(int) const noexcept;
    T* operator++() const noexcept;
    T* operator--() const noexcept;
    T* operator+=(difference_type) const noexcept;
    T* operator-=(difference_type) const noexcept;
 
    void wait(T*, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() const noexcept;
    void notify_all() const noexcept;
  };
}

[編輯] 類 std::atomic_flag

namespace std {
  struct atomic_flag {
    constexpr atomic_flag() noexcept;
    atomic_flag(const atomic_flag&) = delete;
    atomic_flag& operator=(const atomic_flag&) = delete;
    atomic_flag& operator=(const atomic_flag&) volatile = delete;
 
    bool test(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    bool test(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    bool test_and_set(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    bool test_and_set(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
    void clear(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) volatile noexcept;
    void clear(memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) noexcept;
 
    void wait(bool, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const volatile noexcept;
    void wait(bool, memory_order = memory_order::seq_cst) const noexcept;
    void notify_one() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_one() noexcept;
    void notify_all() volatile noexcept;
    void notify_all() noexcept;
  };
}
取自 "https://cppreference.tw/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/header/atomic&oldid=171531"