低階記憶體管理

 

C++

編譯器支援

獨立式與託管式

語言

標準函式庫

標準函式庫標頭檔

具名要求

特性測試巨集 (C++20)

語言支援函式庫

概念函式庫 (C++20)

診斷函式庫

記憶體管理函式庫

元編程函式庫 (C++11)

通用公用程式函式庫

容器函式庫

疊代器函式庫

Ranges 函式庫 (C++20)

演算法函式庫

字串函式庫

文本處理函式庫

數值函式庫

日期與時間函式庫

輸入/輸出函式庫

檔案系統函式庫 (C++17)

並行支援函式庫 (C++11)

執行控制函式庫 (C++26)

技術規範

符號索引

外部函式庫

 

工具程式庫

語言支援 型別支援 (基本型別, RTTI) 函式庫特性測試巨集 (C++20) 程式公用程式 可變參數函式 initializer_list (C++11) is_constant_evaluated (C++20) is_within_lifetime (C++26) source_location (C++20) 協程支援 (C++20) 合約支援 (C++26) 三向比較 three_way_comparablethree_way_comparable_with (C++20)(C++20) strong_ordering (C++20) weak_ordering (C++20) partial_ordering (C++20) common_comparison_category (C++20) compare_three_way_result (C++20) compare_three_way (C++20) strong_order (C++20) weak_order (C++20) partial_order (C++20) compare_strong_order_fallback (C++20) compare_weak_order_fallback (C++20) compare_partial_order_fallback (C++20)   is_eqis_ltis_lteq (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)   is_neqis_gtis_gteq (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

通用公用程式 函式物件 位元操作 (C++20) bitset hash (C++11) 關係運算子 (C++20 中棄用) rel_ops::operator!=rel_ops::operator>    rel_ops::operator<=rel_ops::operator>= 整數比較函式 cmp_equalcmp_lesscmp_less_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)   cmp_not_equalcmp_greatercmp_greater_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20) in_range (C++20) Swap 與 型別操作 swap ranges::swap (C++20) exchange (C++14) declval (C++11) to_underlying (C++23) forward (C++11) forward_like (C++23) move (C++11) move_if_noexcept (C++11) as_const (C++17) 通用詞彙型別 pair tuple (C++11) optional (C++17) any (C++17) variant (C++17) tuple_size (C++11) tuple_element (C++11) apply (C++17) make_from_tuple (C++17) expected (C++23)

 

記憶體管理函式庫

voidify （僅供說明*） Uninitialized memory algorithms uninitialized_copy uninitialized_fill uninitialized_move (C++17) uninitialized_default_construct (C++17) uninitialized_value_construct (C++17) destroy (C++17) destroy_at (C++17) uninitialized_copy_n (C++11) uninitialized_fill_n uninitialized_move_n (C++17) uninitialized_default_construct_n (C++17) uninitialized_value_construct_n (C++17) destroy_n (C++17) construct_at (C++20) Constrained uninitialized memory algorithms ranges::uninitialized_copy (C++20) ranges::uninitialized_fill (C++20) ranges::uninitialized_move (C++20) ranges::construct_at (C++20) ranges::destroy (C++20) ranges::destroy_n (C++20) ranges::destroy_at (C++20) ranges::uninitialized_copy_n (C++20) ranges::uninitialized_fill_n (C++20) ranges::uninitialized_move_n (C++20) ranges::uninitialized_default_construct (C++20) ranges::uninitialized_value_construct (C++20) ranges::uninitialized_default_construct_n (C++20)  ranges::uninitialized_value_construct_n (C++20) C Library malloc calloc realloc aligned_alloc (C++17) free

配置器 allocator allocator_traits (C++11) allocation_result (C++23) allocator_arg (C++11) uses_allocator (C++11) uses_allocator_construction_args (C++20) make_obj_using_allocator (C++20) uninitialized_construct_using_allocator (C++20)  scoped_allocator_adaptor (C++11) pmr::polymorphic_allocator (C++17) Memory resources pmr::memory_resource (C++17) pmr::get_default_resource (C++17) pmr::set_default_resource (C++17) pmr::new_delete_resource (C++17) pmr::null_memory_resource (C++17) pmr::synchronized_pool_resource (C++17) pmr::unsynchronized_pool_resource (C++17) pmr::monotonic_buffer_resource (C++17) pmr::pool_options (C++17) Garbage collection support declare_reachable (C++11)(until C++23) undeclare_reachable (C++11)(until C++23) declare_no_pointers (C++11)(until C++23) undeclare_no_pointers (C++11)(until C++23) pointer_safety (C++11)(until C++23) get_pointer_safety (C++11)(until C++23) 未初始化儲存 raw_storage_iterator (至 C++20* 止已棄用) get_temporary_buffer (至 C++20* 止已棄用) return_temporary_buffer (至 C++20* 止已棄用) 顯式生命週期管理 start_lifetime_asstart_lifetime_as_array (C++23)(C++23)

智慧型指標 unique_ptr (C++11) shared_ptr (C++11) weak_ptr (C++11) auto_ptr (至 C++17* 止已棄用) owner_less (C++11) owner_less<void> (C++17) owner_hash (C++26) owner_equal (C++26) enable_shared_from_this (C++11) bad_weak_ptr (C++11) default_delete (C++11) out_ptr_t (C++23) inout_ptr_t (C++23) Low level memory management operator new operator new[] operator delete operator delete[] get_new_handler (C++11) set_new_handler launder (C++17) bad_alloc bad_array_new_length (C++11) nothrow_t align_val_t (C++17) destroying_delete_t (C++20) new_handler nothrow 其他 pointer_traits (C++11) to_address (C++20) addressof (C++11) align (C++11) assume_aligned (C++20) is_sufficiently_aligned (C++26)

 

低階記憶體管理

函式

operator newoperator new[]

operator deleteoperator delete[]

get_new_handler (C++11)

set_new_handler

類別

bad_alloc

bad_array_new_length (C++11)

align_val_t (C++17)

型別

new_handler

物件

nothrow

destroying_delete (C++20)

物件存取

launder (C++17)

 

new 運算式 (new-expression) 是建立具有動態儲存期（dynamic storage duration）物件或物件陣列的唯一方式，也就是說，其生命週期不受限於建立它的作用域。new 運算式透過呼叫配置函式（allocation function）來取得儲存空間。delete 運算式 (delete-expression) 則會銷毀由 new 運算式所建立的最底層衍生物件或陣列，並呼叫解配置函式（deallocation function）。預設的配置與解配置函式，以及相關函式、型別與物件，皆宣告於標頭檔 <new> 中。

定義於標頭檔 <new>
函式
operator newoperator new[]	配置函式 (函式)
operator deleteoperator delete[]	釋放函式 (函式)
get_new_handler (C++11)	取得目前的 new 處理器 (函式)
set_new_handler	註冊 new 處理器 (函式)
類別
bad_alloc	當記憶體配置失敗時拋出的例外 (類別)
bad_array_new_length (C++11)	當配置無效長度的陣列時拋出的例外 (類別)
align_val_t (C++17)	用於將對齊（alignment）傳遞給支援對齊的配置與解配置函式的型別 (列舉)
型別
new_handler	new 處理函式（new handler）的函式指標型別 (typedef)
物件
nothrownothrow_t	用於選擇不拋出例外之配置函式的標籤 (tag) (標籤)
destroying_deletedestroying_delete_t (C++20)	用於從 operator delete 的重載中選擇銷毀刪除（destroying-delete）版本的標籤 (標籤)
物件存取
launder (C++17)	指標最佳化屏障 (pointer optimization barrier) (函式模板)