std::ranges::find_end
定義於標頭檔案 <algorithm> |
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呼叫簽名 (Call signature) |
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template< std::forward_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1, std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2, |
(1) | (C++20 起) |
template< ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, |
(2) | (C++20 起) |
[
first1,
last1)
中搜索序列 [
first2,
last2)
的最後一次出現,分別透過 proj1 和 proj2 進行投影。使用二元謂詞 pred 比較投影后的元素。本頁描述的類函式實體是 演算法函式物件(非正式地稱為 niebloids),即
目錄 |
[編輯] 引數
first1, last1 | - | 定義要檢查的元素範圍(又稱乾草堆)的迭代器-哨兵對 |
first2, last2 | - | 定義要搜尋元素的範圍的迭代器-哨兵對(亦稱針) |
r1 | - | 要檢查的元素範圍(又稱乾草堆) |
r2 | - | 要搜尋的元素範圍(亦稱針) |
pred | - | 比較元素的二元謂詞 |
proj1 | - | 應用於第一個範圍元素的投影。 |
proj2 | - | 應用於第二個範圍元素的投影。 |
[編輯] 返回值
[
first2,
last2)
在範圍 [
first1,
last1)
中(經由 proj1 和 proj2 投影后)的最後一次出現。如果 [
first2,
last2)
為空,或者沒有找到這樣的序列,則返回值實際上使用 {last1, last1} 進行初始化。[編輯] 複雜度
至多應用 S·(N-S+1) 次相應謂詞和每個投影,其中 S 是 ranges::distance(first2, last2) 且 N 是 ranges::distance(first1, last1) 對於 (1),或 S 是 ranges::distance(r2) 且 N 是 ranges::distance(r1) 對於 (2)。
[編輯] 註解
如果輸入迭代器模型為 std::bidirectional_iterator,則實現可以透過從末尾向開頭搜尋來提高搜尋效率。模型為 std::random_access_iterator 可以提高比較速度。然而,所有這些都不會改變最壞情況的理論複雜度。
[編輯] 可能的實現
struct find_end_fn { template<std::forward_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1, std::forward_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity> requires std::indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2> constexpr ranges::subrange<I1> operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const { if (first2 == last2) { auto last_it = ranges::next(first1, last1); return {last_it, last_it}; } auto result = ranges::search( std::move(first1), last1, first2, last2, pred, proj1, proj2); if (result.empty()) return result; for (;;) { auto new_result = ranges::search( std::next(result.begin()), last1, first2, last2, pred, proj1, proj2); if (new_result.empty()) return result; else result = std::move(new_result); } } template<ranges::forward_range R1, ranges::forward_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity> requires std::indirectly_comparable<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2> constexpr ranges::borrowed_subrange_t<R1> operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const { return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1), ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2), std::move(pred), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2)); } }; inline constexpr find_end_fn find_end {}; |
[編輯] 示例
#include <algorithm> #include <array> #include <cctype> #include <iostream> #include <ranges> #include <string_view> void print(const auto haystack, const auto needle) { const auto pos = std::distance(haystack.begin(), needle.begin()); std::cout << "In \""; for (const auto c : haystack) std::cout << c; std::cout << "\" found \""; for (const auto c : needle) std::cout << c; std::cout << "\" at position [" << pos << ".." << pos + needle.size() << ")\n" << std::string(4 + pos, ' ') << std::string(needle.size(), '^') << '\n'; } int main() { using namespace std::literals; constexpr auto secret{"password password word..."sv}; constexpr auto wanted{"password"sv}; constexpr auto found1 = std::ranges::find_end( secret.cbegin(), secret.cend(), wanted.cbegin(), wanted.cend()); print(secret, found1); constexpr auto found2 = std::ranges::find_end(secret, "word"sv); print(secret, found2); const auto found3 = std::ranges::find_end(secret, "ORD"sv, [](const char x, const char y) { // uses a binary predicate return std::tolower(x) == std::tolower(y); }); print(secret, found3); const auto found4 = std::ranges::find_end(secret, "SWORD"sv, {}, {}, [](char c) { return std::tolower(c); }); // projects the 2nd range print(secret, found4); static_assert(std::ranges::find_end(secret, "PASS"sv).empty()); // => not found }
輸出
In "password password word..." found "password" at position [9..17) ^^^^^^^^ In "password password word..." found "word" at position [18..22) ^^^^ In "password password word..." found "ord" at position [19..22) ^^^ In "password password word..." found "sword" at position [12..17) ^^^^^
[編輯] 參閱
(C++23)(C++23)(C++23) |
尋找最後一個滿足特定條件的元素 (演算法函式物件) |
(C++20)(C++20)(C++20) |
尋找第一個滿足特定條件的元素 (演算法函式物件) |
(C++20) |
搜尋一組元素中的任何一個 (演算法函式物件) |
(C++20) |
尋找第一對相等的(或滿足給定謂詞的)相鄰項 (演算法函式物件) |
(C++20) |
搜尋一個範圍的元素首次出現的位置 (演算法函式物件) |
(C++20) |
在一個範圍內搜尋一個元素的連續 N 次副本首次出現的位置 (演算法函式物件) |
在特定範圍中尋找最後一次出現的元素序列 (函式模板) |